What Causes Acne? (& How to Treat it)

Acne is one of the most common skin concerns, affecting not just teenagers, but adults as well. Whether you're dealing with occasional breakouts or chronic acne, understanding what causes it can be the first step to getting clearer, healthier skin. In this post, we’ll dive into the underlying causes of acne and offer helpful tips for treatment.

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What Causes Acne?

Acne forms when hair follicles on the skin become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and sometimes bacteria. While it’s often associated with adolescence, there are many factors that can trigger acne at any age. Here are the primary causes:

1. Excess Oil Production (Sebum)

The skin naturally produces oil (sebum) to keep it moisturized and protect it from environmental stressors. However, when the skin produces too much oil, it can combine with dead skin cells to clog pores, creating the perfect environment for acne-causing bacteria to thrive.

2. Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and even stress, can cause the sebaceous glands to produce more oil. This is why acne often flares up during periods of hormonal change. In particular, androgens (male hormones) can increase the size and activity of sebaceous glands, leading to acne.

3. Clogged Pores

Dead skin cells naturally shed and mix with oil on the skin’s surface. If these cells aren’t exfoliated properly, they can clog the pores, leading to pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads.

4. Bacteria (Propionibacterium Acnes)

When pores are clogged with oil and dead skin cells, bacteria can thrive inside them. The bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) are naturally present on the skin but can multiply inside the blocked pore, causing inflammation and contributing to the development of cystic acne.

5. Diet

While the connection between diet and acne isn’t fully understood, some studies suggest that foods high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and dairy might trigger acne flare-ups in certain individuals. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in whole foods, antioxidants, and healthy fats can help support clear skin.

6. Stress

When we're stressed, our bodies release the hormone cortisol, which can stimulate oil production and cause inflammation in the skin. Chronic stress can also weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off acne-causing bacteria.

7. Genetics

Genetics play a big role in whether or not someone is prone to acne. If your parents had acne, you’re more likely to experience it as well. Your genetic makeup can influence how your skin responds to hormones and how active your sebaceous glands are.

8. Skin Irritation

Certain skin care products, makeup, or even friction from helmets or backpacks can cause irritation to the skin, leading to acne flare-ups. This is often referred to as "mechanical acne" or "acne cosmetica." Using non-comedogenic (won't clog pores) products and ensuring your skin is clean can help prevent this.

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How to Treat Acne

Now that we understand the causes, let’s explore how to treat and manage acne effectively. The right treatment can vary based on the type and severity of acne, but here are some general tips for getting clearer skin:

Consistent Skincare Routine

Keeping your skin clean is essential, but over-cleansing can make acne worse. Use a gentle cleanser twice daily to remove excess oil and dirt without stripping the skin. Avoid harsh scrubs that can irritate the skin and trigger inflammation.

Over-the-Counter Treatments

There are many effective over-the-counter products for acne treatment:

• Benzoyl Peroxide: This ingredient kills acne-causing bacteria and helps reduce inflammation.
• Salicylic Acid: It gently exfoliates the skin, helping to clear clogged pores and prevent breakouts.
• Retinoids: Vitamin A derivatives, like adapalene, can help speed up skin turnover and prevent pores from becoming clogged.

Prescription Medications

For more persistent or severe acne, a dermatologist might recommend prescription-strength treatments, such as:

• Topical or Oral Antibiotics: To reduce inflammation and fight bacterial growth.
• Oral Contraceptives: In some cases, hormonal birth control can help regulate hormone levels and reduce acne in women.
• Isotretinoin (Accutane): A powerful treatment for severe, cystic acne that doesn’t respond to other treatments. It works by reducing oil production, but it requires close medical supervision.

4. Chemical Peels & Laser Skin Treatments

For those with stubborn acne or acne scars, professional treatments like chemical peels or laser therapy can help. Laser skin treatments, like fractional CO2 and intense pulsed light (IPL), target acne-causing bacteria, reduce oil production, and improve skin texture. These treatments can significantly reduce the appearance of acne and scars, offering a more permanent solution for long-term results.

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Eating a balanced diet and drinking plenty of water can help improve your skin from the inside out. Focus on foods rich in antioxidants, vitamins (especially vitamin A), and omega-3 fatty acids. Try to minimize sugary or processed foods, as they can contribute to acne flare-ups. Additionally, managing stress through relaxation techniques, exercise, or hobbies can reduce the impact of cortisol on your skin.

Avoid Picking or Squeezing Pimples

It might be tempting, but picking at acne can make it worse and increase the risk of scarring. Instead, try using spot treatments and let the acne heal naturally. If you feel tempted to pop a pimple, remember that it’s best to leave it to a professional to avoid causing more damage.

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Skin Rejuvenation Treatment in Warren, NJ

Acne can be frustrating, but with the right approach, it’s possible to manage and reduce its impact. By understanding the root causes and sticking to a consistent skincare routine, you can prevent future breakouts and enjoy smoother, healthier skin. If you're unsure about what treatments are right for you, don't hesitate to consult with a dermatologist. At Faith Family Aesthetic, we're dedicated to helping you achieve your healthiest skin yet, with personalized skincare solutions and professional guidance.